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hibernate ibatis n+1

HibernateIbatisn+1查询 
阅读更多
当Hibernate或Ibatis在处理一对多的时候都存在n+1问题。
创建数据库
ACCOUNT 表
ACCOUNT_ID
1
2

ORDERS 表
ORDER_IDACCOUNT_ID
11
21
31
42
52
62

创建JavaBean
Account.java 
public class Account {
	private Integer accountId;
	private Set<Orders> ordersSet = new HashSet<Orders>();
        // 省略 getter setter
        public String toString() {
		return "accountId:" + accountId;
	}
}

Orders.java 
public class Orders {
	private Integer orderId;
	private Account account;
        // 省略getter setter
	public String toString() {
		return "orderId:"+orderId;
	}
}

一、使用Ibatis查询
SqlMapConfig.xml配置 
<sqlMapConfig>
	<settings cacheModelsEnabled="true" enhancementEnabled="false"
		lazyLoadingEnabled="false" maxRequests="32" maxSessions="10"
		maxTransactions="5" useStatementNamespaces="true" />
	<transactionManager type="JDBC">  
        <dataSource type="SIMPLE">   
            <property name="JDBC.Driver" 
                      value="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver" /> 
            <property name="JDBC.ConnectionURL" 
                      value="jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;DatabaseName=TEST" /> 
            <property name="JDBC.Username" value="xiao" /> 
            <property name="JDBC.Password" value="xiao" /> 
        </dataSource> 
    </transactionManager>   
	<sqlMap resource="ibatis/n1.ibatis.xml" />
	<sqlMap resource="ibatis/groupby.ibatis.xml" />
</sqlMapConfig>

n1.ibatis.xml 配置 
<sqlMap namespace="N1">
	<typeAlias alias="Account" type="bean.Account"/>
	<resultMap id="ResultAccountInfoMap" class="bean.Account">
		<result property="accountId" column="ACCOUNT_ID" />
		<result property="ordersSet" select="N1.getOrderInfoList" column="ACCOUNT_ID"/>
	</resultMap>
	<resultMap id="ResultOrderInfoMap" class="bean.Orders">
		<result property="orderId" column="ORDER_ID" />
		<result property="account.accountId" column="ACCOUNt_Id" />
	</resultMap>
	<select id="getAccountInfoList" resultMap="ResultAccountInfoMap">
		select account_Id from ACCOUNT 
	</select>
	<select id="getOrderInfoList" resultMap="ResultOrderInfoMap">
		select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = #value#
	</select>
</sqlMap>

groupby.ibatis.xml 配置 
<sqlMap namespace="GroupBy">
	<resultMap id="ResultAccountInfoMap" class="bean.Account" groupBy="accountId">
		<result property="accountId" column="account_Id" />
		<result property="ordersSet" resultMap="GroupBy.ResultOrderInfoMap"/>
	</resultMap>
	<resultMap id="ResultOrderInfoMap" class="bean.Orders" groupBy="orderId">
		<result property="orderId" column="ORDER_ID" />
		<result property="account.accountId" column="ACCOUNT_ID" />
	</resultMap>
	<select id="getAccountInfoList" resultMap="ResultAccountInfoMap">
		 select 
		 ACCOUNT.ACCOUNT_ID AS ACCOUNT_ID
		,ORDERS.ORDER_ID AS ORDER_ID
		from ACCOUNT 
		join ORDERS on ACCOUNT.account_Id=ORDERS.ACCOUNT_ID
		group by ACCOUNT.ACCOUNT_ID,ORDERS.ORDER_ID
	</select>
</sqlMap>

测试代码 
public static void queryN1() throws SQLException, IOException{
        Reader reader=Resources.getResourceAsReader("ibatis/SqlMapConfig.xml");
		SqlMapClient sqlMapClient = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader);
		
		List<Account> accountList=sqlMapClient.queryForList("N1.getAccountInfoList");
		for(Account account:accountList){
			System.out.println("############"+account+"############");
			for(Orders orders:account.getOrdersSet()){
				System.out.println("############"+orders+"############");
			}
		}
}

执行以上代码,log4j打印如下: 
[size=xx-small]2012-08-07 10:19:52,000-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Connection
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,000-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Preparing Statement:    select account_Id from ACCOUNT   
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,031-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Executing Statement:    select account_Id from ACCOUNT   
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,031-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Parameters: []
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,031-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Types: []
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Preparing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100003} Executing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100003} Parameters: [1]
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100003} Types: [java.lang.Integer]
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100003} Executing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100003} Parameters: [2]
   2012-08-07 10:19:52,078-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100003} Types: [java.lang.Integer][/size][size=xx-small][/size]
   ############accountId:1############
############orderId:3############
############orderId:2############
############orderId:1############
############accountId:2############
############orderId:5############
############orderId:6############
############orderId:4############

查看以上log，发现执行了3条查询语句.
将SqlMapConfig.xml中的setting 节点中的lazyLoadingEnabled属性设为true 
	<settings cacheModelsEnabled="true" enhancementEnabled="false"
		lazyLoadingEnabled="true" maxRequests="32" maxSessions="10"
		maxTransactions="5" useStatementNamespaces="true" />

再次执行之前queryN1测试代码,log4j打印如下 
2012-08-07 10:26:42,468-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Connection
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,468-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Preparing Statement:    select account_Id from ACCOUNT   
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,515-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Executing Statement:    select account_Id from ACCOUNT   
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,515-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Parameters: []
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,515-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Types: []
   ############accountId:1############
2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100003} Connection
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100003} Preparing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100004} Executing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100004} Parameters: [1]
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100004} Types: [java.lang.Integer]
   ############orderId:3############
############orderId:1############
############orderId:2############
############accountId:2############
2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100006} Connection
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100006} Preparing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100007} Executing Statement:    select ORDER_ID,ACCOUNT_ID from ORDERS where ACCOUNT_ID = ?  
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100007} Parameters: [2]
   2012-08-07 10:26:42,562-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100007} Types: [java.lang.Integer]
   ############orderId:5############
############orderId:4############
############orderId:6############

查看log，依然有3条查询语句，只是查询的时机不一样了。当设置SqlMapConfig.xml中的setting 节点中的lazyLoadingEnabled属性设为true时(启动ibatis懒加载)，ibatis会生成代理对对象，当集合元素真正使用时才执行查询语句(和hibernate类似)。
目前来看：至少在ibatis中启用或不启用懒加载，都不可以解决n+1问题.而在ibatis中使用groupby是一个解决方案.
测试代码如下: 
	public static void queryGroupBy() throws SQLException, IOException{
        Reader reader=Resources.getResourceAsReader("ibatis/SqlMapConfig.xml");
		SqlMapClient sqlMapClient = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader);
		List<Account> accountList=sqlMapClient.queryForList("GroupBy.getAccountInfoList");
		for(Account account:accountList){
			System.out.println("############"+account+"############");
			for(Orders orders:account.getOrdersSet()){
				System.out.println("############"+orders+"############");
			}
		}
	}

执行以上测试代码，log打印如下 
2012-08-07 10:36:12,328-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Connection
   2012-08-07 10:36:12,328-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.Connection - {conn-100000} Preparing Statement:     select     ACCOUNT.ACCOUNT_ID AS ACCOUNT_ID   ,ORDERS.ORDER_ID AS ORDER_ID   from ACCOUNT    join ORDERS on ACCOUNT.account_Id=ORDERS.ACCOUNT_ID   group by ACCOUNT.ACCOUNT_ID,ORDERS.ORDER_ID  
   2012-08-07 10:36:12,359-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Executing Statement:     select     ACCOUNT.ACCOUNT_ID AS ACCOUNT_ID   ,ORDERS.ORDER_ID AS ORDER_ID   from ACCOUNT    join ORDERS on ACCOUNT.account_Id=ORDERS.ACCOUNT_ID   group by ACCOUNT.ACCOUNT_ID,ORDERS.ORDER_ID  
   2012-08-07 10:36:12,359-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Parameters: []
   2012-08-07 10:36:12,359-[HL] DEBUG main java.sql.PreparedStatement - {pstm-100001} Types: []
   ############accountId:1############
############orderId:3############
############orderId:2############
############orderId:1############
############accountId:2############
############orderId:4############
############orderId:6############
############orderId:5############

查看以上log，发现只有1条查询语句，解决了n+1问题。
目前看来，n+1问题算是解决了，可是配置文件搞得很复杂。
ibatis作为sql mapper并不是orm，非把ibatis当hibernate玩，个人认为这样并没有多大意义。

二 使用hibernate查询
hibernate.cfg.xml配置 
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;DatabaseName=TEST</property>
        <property name="connection.username">xiao</property>
        <property name="connection.password">xiao</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        
    	<mapping resource="hibernate/Account.hibernate.xml"/>
    	<mapping resource="hibernate/Orders.hibernate.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Account.hibernate.xml 配置 
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="bean.Account" table="ACCOUNT" >
		<id name="accountId" column="ACCOUNT_ID" />
		<set name="ordersSet" >
			<key column="ACCOUNT_ID"/>
			<one-to-many class="bean.Orders"/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Orders.hibernate.xml 配置 
<hibernate-mapping>
   <class name="bean.Orders" table="ORDERS">
	<id name="orderId" column="ORDER_ID"/>
	<many-to-one name="account" class="bean.Account" column="ACCOUNT_ID"/>
   </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

a.hibernate 1对多 n+1
测试代码 
	public static void query1(){
        Configuration config = new Configuration().configure("hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml");  
        SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory();  
        Session session = factory.openSession();
        System.out.println("==========start query==========");
        Query query=session.createQuery("from Account as account");
        List<Account> accountList=query.list();
		for(Account account:accountList){
			System.out.println("############"+account+"############");
			for(Orders orders:account.getOrdersSet()){
				System.out.println("############"+orders+"############");
			}
		}
        session.close();
	}

执行以上测试代码，打印log如下： 
   ==========start query==========
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_
############accountId:1############
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############orderId:2############
############orderId:1############
############orderId:3############
############accountId:2############
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############orderId:6############
############orderId:5############
############orderId:4############

查看以上log，发现3条查询语句。n+1 问题重现了。因为hibernate对集合查询默认是懒加载的，所以从以上打印log发现，只用在要使用集合时，hibernate才去执行查询。
将Account.hibernate.xml中set节点的lazy属性设置为false，如下 
		<set name="ordersSet" lazy="false">
			<key column="ACCOUNT_ID"/>
			<one-to-many class="bean.Orders"/>
		</set>

再次执行query1()测试代码，log打印如下： 
   ==========start query==========
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:1############
############orderId:1############
############orderId:3############
############orderId:2############
############accountId:2############
############orderId:5############
############orderId:4############
############orderId:6############

查看以上log，发现依然是3条查询语句，只是查询在一开始就全部执行了。
b.hibernate 多对1 n+1
测试代码 
	public static void query2(){
		Configuration config = new Configuration().configure("hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml");  
		SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory();  
		Session session = factory.openSession();
		System.out.println("==========start query==========");
		Query query=session.createQuery("from Orders");
		List<Orders> ordersSet=query.list();
		for(Orders orders:ordersSet){
			System.out.println("############"+orders+"############");
			System.out.println("############"+orders.getAccount()+"############");
		}
		session.close();
	}

执行以上测试代码，log如下: 
   ==========start query==========
Hibernate: select orders0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, orders0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_ from ORDERS orders0_
############orderId:1############
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_ where account0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:1############
############orderId:2############
############accountId:1############
############orderId:3############
############accountId:1############
############orderId:4############
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_ where account0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:2############
############orderId:5############
############accountId:2############
############orderId:6############
############accountId:2############

查看以上log，发现3条查询语句。
倘若将Account.hibernate.xml中set节点的lazy属性设置为false，如下 
		<set name="ordersSet" lazy="false">
			<key column="ACCOUNT_ID"/>
			<one-to-many class="bean.Orders"/>
		</set>

再次执行query2(),log打印如下: 
   ==========start query==========
Hibernate: select orders0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, orders0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_ from ORDERS orders0_
############orderId:1############
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_ where account0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:1############
############orderId:2############
############accountId:1############
############orderId:3############
############accountId:1############
############orderId:4############
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_ where account0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:2############
############orderId:5############
############accountId:2############
############orderId:6############
############accountId:2############

查看以上log，发现5条查询语句。第一查询语句用来查询Orders信息，而Orders对象中的Account实例变量默认是懒加载的，所以当使用account变量时，hibernate才进行查询，由于Account对象中的ordersSet集合不启用懒加载。所以每次查询Account时会附带查询一次Orders.

c.hibernate 使用iterate n+1
测试代码 
	public static void query3(){
		Configuration config = new Configuration().configure("hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml");  
		SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory();  
		Session session = factory.openSession();
		System.out.println("==========start query==========");
		Query query=session.createQuery("from Account");
		Iterator<Account> iterator=query.iterate();
		while(iterator.hasNext()){
			Account account=iterator.next();
			System.out.println("############"+account+"############");
			System.out.println("############"+account.getOrdersSet()+"############");
		}
		session.close();
	}

执行以上测试代码,log打印语句如下: 
   ==========start query==========
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as col_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_ where account0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:1############
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############[orderId:3, orderId:2, orderId:1]############
Hibernate: select account0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT1_0_0_ from ACCOUNT account0_ where account0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############accountId:2############
Hibernate: select ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_, ordersset0_.ORDER_ID as ORDER1_1_0_, ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT2_1_0_ from ORDERS ordersset0_ where ordersset0_.ACCOUNT_ID=?
############[orderId:6, orderId:5, orderId:4]############

查看以上log，发现有5条查询语句。第一条查询Account对象的accountId列表。当迭代使用Account时，hibernate会通过查询到的accountId在内存中找，如果找到则直接使用，如果为未找到则做一次查询。而把iterate查询归纳为n+1查询感觉不妥当,写在这里是想说明iterate没用好会产生n+1次查询或者更多。
如果将query3()中的迭代对象改为Orders，就会有很刺激的事，如果再将Account中的ordersSet懒加载去除(lazy=false),就更有意思了。
在hibernate中要解决n+1可以通过left join fetch。
将query1() 的hql该为from Account as account left join fetch account.ordersSet
重新执行则只有一条查询语句。

总结：不管是hibernate 还是ibatis 如果对象设计中有主从对象(主从对象指:一个对象中包含另一个对象，包含对象为主对象，被包含对象为从对象，从对象可为普通javabean或集合)都有可能碰到n+1问题，其中1指进行一条语句查询到n个主对象，而n指n个主对象要将从对象关联出来要进行n次查询。而解决方案不管怎样就是通过数据库join查询。而hibernate比较复杂点有很多缓存可用，所以具体的时候会有点差异。n+1并不是问题，更是一种策略。






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1 楼 lijiejava 2012-08-08  
写的很不错！！！
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